Libya

The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and did not relinquish their hold until 1943 when defeated in World War II. Libya then passed to UN administration and achieved independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership and began to espouse his political system at home, which was a combination of socialism and Islam. During the 1970s, QADHAFI used oil revenues to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversive and terrorist activities that included the downing of two airliners – one over Scotland, another in Northern Africa – and a discotheque bombing in Berlin. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically following the attacks; sanctions were lifted in 2003 following Libyan acceptance of responsibility for the bombings and agreement to claimant compensation. QADHAFI also agreed to end Libya’s program to develop weapons of mass destruction, and he made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations. Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in late 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in early 2011. QADHAFI’s brutal crackdown on protesters spawned a civil war that triggered UN authorization of air and naval intervention by the international community. After months of seesaw fighting between government and opposition forces, the QADHAFI regime was toppled in mid-2011 and replaced by a transitional government. Libya in 2012 formed a new parliament and elected a new prime minister.

Capital: Tripoli

Government: Transitional

Current Chairman of the National Transitional Council (NTC): Mustafa Abdul Jalil

Current Prime Minister of the Interim Government:
Abdurrahim al-Keib

Economy:

• Depends primarily upon revenue from hydrocarbons, which constribute about 95% of export earnings, 65% of GDP, and 80% of government revenue.
• Substantial revenue from the energy sector coupled with a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa.

Population: 6.4 million (UN 2011)

Land Size: 1.77 million sq km (685,524 sq miles)

Major Ethic Groups:

• Berber and Arab: 97%
• Other: 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)

Religions:

• Sunni Muslim (official): 97%
• Other: 3%

Language(s):

• Arabic (official)
• Italian
• English

For more information about Libya, please visit:

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ly.html