Rivalry between French and Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a French invasion in 1881 and the creation of a protectorate. Agitation for independence in the decades following World War I was finally successful in getting the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country’s first president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a strict one-party state. He dominated the country for 31 years, repressing Islamic fundamentalism and establishing rights for women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURGUIBA was removed from office and replaced by Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a bloodless coup. Street protests that began in Tunis in December 2010 over high unemployment, corruption, widespread poverty, and high food prices escalated in January 2011, culminating in rioting that led to hundreds of deaths. On 14 January 2011, the same day BEN ALI dismissed the government, he fled the country, and by late January 2011, a “national unity government” was formed. Elections for the new Constituent Assembly were held in late October 2011, and in December, it elected human rights activist Moncef MARZOUKI as interim president. The Assembly began drafting a new constitution in February 2012 and, after several iterations and a months-long political crisis that stalled the transition, ratified the document in January 2014. Presidential and parliamentary elections for a permanent government could be held by the end of 2014.
Capital: Tunis
Government: Republic
Economy:
- Diverse, market-oriented economy, with important agricultural, mining, tourism and manufacturing sectors.
- Key exports include textiles and apparel, food products, petroleum products, chemicals, and phosphates, with about 80% going to the European Union.
Population: 10.4 million (UN 2011)
Land Size: 164,150 sq km (63,378 sq miles)
Major Ethic Groups:
- Arab: 98%
- European: 1%
- Jewish and other: 1%
Religions:
- Muslim: 98%
- Christian: 1%
- Jewish and other: 1%
Language(s):
- Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce)
- French (commerce)
For more information about Tunisia, please visit:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html
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